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Diet and Exercise: The Cornerstones of Fatty Liver Disease Management, Say Experts

According to these recommendations, engaging in 2.5 to 4 hours of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week—such as cycling, brisk walking, or jogging—can lead to a significant 30% reduction in liver fat.

• By Newsdesk
• New Delhi
• Mar 03, 2025

Reports

New clinical guidelines released by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) emphasize that diet and physical activity are the primary interventions for managing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). According to these recommendations, engaging in 2.5 to 4 hours of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week—such as cycling, brisk walking, or jogging—can lead to a significant 30% reduction in liver fat.

Published in the journal Hepatology International, the guidelines highlight the critical role of weight management for individuals diagnosed with MAFLD, particularly those who are overweight or obese. Patients are advised to achieve a weight loss of 5-10% to mitigate liver fat accumulation. The recommendations include frequent self-weighing (at least once per week), adherence to reduced-calorie diets, and increased levels of physical activity as key strategies for long-term weight control.

MAFLD, which now affects more than a quarter of the global adult population, is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Experts note that losing over 5% of body weight helps reduce excess liver fat, while shedding more than 10% can significantly improve liver fibrosis—a condition characterized by the buildup of scar tissue due to persistent inflammation.

Dietary Recommendations for MAFLD Patients

The APASL guidelines offer practical dietary recommendations tailored to promote weight loss and liver health. Individuals with MAFLD are advised to consume between 1,200 and 1,800 kilocalories per day or aim for a daily caloric reduction of 500-750 kilocalories.

Among dietary approaches, the Mediterranean diet emerges as the most scientifically supported nutritional regimen for addressing MAFLD. This diet is rich in monounsaturated fats and omega-3 fatty acids while minimizing refined carbohydrates and sugars. Key components include whole grains, nuts and seeds, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, all of which contribute to reducing the risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver fat accumulation, and fibrosis.

The Mediterranean diet also incorporates seafood, lean proteins, and moderate amounts of dairy, eggs, and poultry, ensuring a balanced intake of essential nutrients. While intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating patterns have shown potential for weight loss and metabolic improvement, the evidence regarding their direct impact on MAFLD remains inconclusive.

The Role of Exercise in Liver Health

Physical activity plays a crucial role in managing MAFLD, with aerobic exercise being particularly beneficial. Regular cardiovascular workouts not only help reduce visceral fat and lower bad cholesterol but also enhance cardiovascular fitness and vascular health. The guidelines suggest that as little as 135 minutes per week—just over two hours—can be effective in managing the condition.

Additionally, the guidelines recommend incorporating resistance training, such as weightlifting, at least two to three times per week. Strength training has been found to support lean muscle mass, improve bone density, regulate blood pressure, and enhance glycemic control—factors that collectively benefit overall metabolic health.

Coffee Consumption and Liver Health

Interestingly, the experts also highlight the potential benefits of coffee consumption for individuals with MAFLD. Drinking at least three cups of coffee per day—whether caffeinated or decaffeinated—has been associated with positive liver health outcomes.

By integrating a well-structured dietary plan and a consistent exercise regimen, individuals with MAFLD can significantly improve their liver health and overall well-being. These latest guidelines serve as a comprehensive roadmap for managing a condition that continues to impact millions worldwide.